Abstract: This article summarizes the key components of crop breeding and summarizes them into “one ultimate goal, two parent lines, three categories of breeding technologies, four basic concepts, five levels of new variety evaluation, six breeding methods and seven stages of breeding history”. Having mastered the above “1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7” about crop breeding, crop breeding has a clear idea and a strong theoretical foundation, and would surely achieve good results in breeding practice.

Key words: crop breeding, genetic variation, select, variety evaluation, breeding 5.0

摘要： 概括了作物育种的核心基本要点，将其归纳成 “一个目标、两个亲本、三类技术、四门理论、五级测试、六大方法、七段历史”。掌握了以上有关作物育种的“一二三四五六七”，对作物育种就有了一个清晰的思路和一个坚强的理论基础，在育种实践中必将获得良好的成效。

关键词: 关键词：作物育种, 遗传变异, 选择, 测试, 育种5.0